Competency Framework of Agriculture Educators Vocational College: Measurement Model Using Partial Least Square-Structural Equation Modeling
Competent instructors need to have the skills, abilities, and competencies to perform tasks effectively, which will affect student learning achievemen.
- Pub. date: July 15, 2022
- Pages: 1523-1534
- 242 Downloads
- 470 Views
- 2 Citations
Competent instructors need to have the skills, abilities, and competencies to perform tasks effectively, which will affect student learning achievement. This study is guided by the theory of Boyatzis developed by Spencer and Spencer. The Iceberg Competency Model was used as a guideline to identify the competency elements of educators from the agricultural stream in vocational colleges (KV). This research study aims to explore and identify the existing competency elements of agricultural educators in KV. This study used a study population comprising 243 respondents of agricultural educators in KV. To answer the research question, the data analysis was done by Partial Least Squares - Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). This study is a study built to observe the relationship between the latent constructs studied. These constructs consisted of exogenous and endogenous constructs. In this study, exogenous constructs comprised value constructs, social roles, self-image, motives, traits and constraints. At the same time, endogenous constructs involved constructs of skills and knowledge. To ensure that the construct of this study gives meaning to the reflective measurement model, it was evaluated based on internal consistency reliability and validity. Regarding the framework, some indicators that did not qualify were dropped based on factor loading and average variance extracted (AVE). From the analysis conducted, 16 indicators were dropped since they did not meet PLS-SEM requirements. The total number of items retained was 71 indicators. At the final stage of this study, the evaluation model was implemented to form a framework involving the evaluation of the constructs linked to each other.
Keywords: Agriculture educators, competency framework, PLS-SEM, vocational college.
References
Abdul Latip, M. S., Newaz, F. T., & Ramasamy, R. (2020). Students’ perception of lecturers’ competency and the effect on institution loyalty: The mediating role of students’ satisfaction. Asian Journal of University Education, 16(2), 183-195. https://doi.org/10.24191/ajue.v16i2.9155
Abdul Raof, S., & Musta’amal, A. H. (2021). Validity and reliability of instrument competencies framework of agriculture educators: The Rasch measurement model. International Journal of Educational Methodology, 7(3), 411-420. https://doi.org/10.12973/ijem.7.3.411
Ahmad, M. F. (2017). Mobile learning framework for automotive programme in Malaysian polytechnics [Unpublished doctoral dissertation]. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Albritton, M. C., & Roberts, T. G. (2020). Agricultural technical skills needed by entry level agriculture teachers: A modified Delphi study. Journal of Agriculture Education, 61(1), 140-151. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2020.01140
Ali, A. (2019). Aplikasi asas SmartPLS dalam kajian sains social [Basic application of SmartPLS in social science studies] (2nd ed.). Penerbit UMT.
Awang, Z., Hui, L. S., & Zainudin, N. F. S. (2018). Simple approach SEM (1st ed.). MPWS Rich Resources.
Borich, G. D. (1980). A needs assessment model for conducting follow-up studies. Journal of Teacher Education, 31(3), 39-42. https://doi.org/10.1177/002248718003100310
Boyatzis, R. (1982). The competent manager. Wiley.
Breeding, L., Rayfield, J., & Smith, K. L. (2018). Lessons learned: Describing the preservice preparation experiences of early-career award-winning agricultural educators. Journal of Agricultural Education, 59(1), 86-99. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2018.01086
Cardno, C. (2006). Leading change from within: Action research to strengthen curriculum leadership in a primary school. School Leadership & Management, 26(5), 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1080/13632430601007907
Coley, M. D., Warner, W. J., Stair, K. S., Flowers, J. L., & Croom, D. B. (2015). Technology usage of Tennessee agriculture teachers. Journal of Agriculture Education, 56(3), 35-51. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2015.03035
Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research (4th ed.). Merrill.
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Sage Publications, Inc.
Damit, M. A. A., Omar, M. K., & Puad, M. H. M. (2021). Issues and challenges of outcome-based education (OBE) implementation among Malaysian vocational college teachers. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 11(3), 197-211.http://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v11-i3/8624
Darling-Hammond, L., & Richardson, N. (2009). Teacher learning: What matters? Educational Leadership, 66(5), 46-53. https://bit.ly/3sInUnI
Darusalam, G., & Hussin, S. (2021). Metodologi penyelidikan dalam pendidikan [Research methodology in education] (3rd ed.). Penerbit Universiti Malaya.
Deegan, D., Wims, P., & Pettit, T. (2016). Practical skills training in agricultural education-A comparison between traditional and blended approaches. The Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 22(2), 145-161. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2015.1063520
DiBenedetto, C., Wills, V., & Barrick, R. K. (2018). Needs assessment for school-based education teachers: A review of literature. Journal of Agriculture Education, 59(4), 52-71. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2018.04052
Duncan, D. W., Rickets, J. C., Peake, J. B., & Uesseler, J. (2006). Teachers preparation and in service needs of Georgia agriculture teachers. Journal of Agriculture Education, 47(2), 24-35. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2006.02024
Farkas, G. (2003). Cognitive skills and noncognitive traits and behaviors in stratification processes. Annual Review of Sociology, 29(1), 541-562. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.soc.29.010202.100023
Grollmann, P. (2008). Professional competence as a benchmark for a European space of vocational education and training. Journal of European Industrial Training, 32(2/3), 138–156. https://doi.org/10.1108/03090590810861686
Hainline, S. M., & Wells, T. (2019). Identifying of agricultural mechanics knowledge and skills needed by Iowa school based agricultural education teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 60(1), 59-79. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2019.01059
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) (2nd ed.). Sage Publication. https://doi.org/10.15358/9783800653614
Harder, A., Roberts, T. G., Stedman, N. L. P., Thoron, A., & Myers, B. E. (2009). An analysis of the teaching competencies of agricultural and life sciences faculty. NACTA Journal, 53(4), 49-55. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43765412
Ismail, K., Nopiah, Z. M., Rasul, M. S., & Leong, P. C. (2017). Malaysian teachers’ competency in technical vocational education and training: A review. Abdullah et al. Regionalization and Harmonization in TVET, (pp. 59–64). Taylor and Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315166568-12
Jennings, J. L., & DiPrete, T. A. (2010). Teacher effects on social and behavioral skills in early elementary school. Sociology of Education, 83(2), 135-159. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0038040710368011
Kamarudin, N. Y., Ashari, Z. H. M., Yaacob, R., & Kosnin, A. M. (2021). Analisis data kaedah SEM SmartPLS aplikasi asas dan langkah demi langkah [Data analysis of SEM SmartPLS basic and step -by -step application methods] (1st ed.). Penerbit Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
King Rice, J. (2003). Teacher quality: Understanding the effectiveness of teacher attributes. Economic Policy Institute.
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (2nd ed.). Guilford Press.
McLean, R. C., & Camp, W. G. (2000). An examination of selected preservice agricultural teacher education programs in the United States. Journal of Agricultural Education, 41(2), 25-35. https://doi.org/10.50321/jae.20000.02025
Morgan, A. C. (2010). Competencies needed by agricultural communications graduates: An industry perspective. Journal of Applied Communications, 94(1-2), 19-32. https://doi.org/10.4148/1051-0834.1184
Myers, E. B., Dyer, E. J., & Washburn, G. S. (2005). Problems facing beginning agriculture teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 46(3), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2005.03047
Njura, H. J., Kaberia, I. K., & Taaliu, S. T. (2020). Effect of agricultural teaching approaches on skills development for food security: A case of secondary schools in Embu County, Kenya. Journal of Agricultural Education and Extension, 26(3), 239–252. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2019.1680401
Rivkin, S. G., Hanushek, E. A., & Kain, J. F. (2005). Teachers, schools, and academic achievement. Econometrica, 73(2), 417-458. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0262.2005.00584.x
Roberts, T. G., & Dyer, J. E. (2004). Characteristics of effective agriculture teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 45, 82-95. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2004.04082
Rosenbaum, J. (2001). Beyond college for all: Career paths for the forgotten half. Russell Sage Foundation
Schumacker, R. E., & Lomax, R. G. (2010). A beginner’s guide to structural equation Modelling (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Smalley, S., Hainline, S. M., & Sands, K. (2019). Scholl-based agricultural education teachers perceived professional development needs associated with teaching, classroom management and technical agriculture. Journal of Agricultural Education, 60(2), 85-98. https://doi.org/10.5032.jae.02085
Smalley, S. W., & Smith, A. R. (2017). Professional development needs of mid career agriculture teachers. Journal of Agricultural Education, 58(4), 282-290. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.04282
Sorensen, T. J., Lambert, M. D., & McKim, A. J. (2014). Examining Oregon agriculture teachers’ professional development needs by career phase. Journal of Agricultural Education, 55(5), 140-154. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2014.05140
Spencer, L. M., & Spencer, S. M. (1993). Competence at work: Models for superior performance. Wiley.
Syed Ali, S. J. (2014). Teacher competence in the practical teaching of construction technology in vocational colleges [Unpublished master’s thesis]. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Tabachnick, B., & Fidell, L. (2001). Using multivariate statistics. MA Pearson.
Tippens, A., Ricketts, J., Morgan, A. C., Navarro, M., & Flanders, F. (2013). Factors related to teachers’ intention to leave the classroom early. Journal of Agricultural Education, 54(4), 58-72. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2013.04058
Touchstone, A. J. L. (2015). Professional development needs of beginning agricultural education teachers in Idaho. Journal of Agricultural Education, 56(2), 170-187. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2015.02170
Tummons, J. (2017). Concerns of female preservice teachers in teaching and supervising the agriculture mechanics laboratory. Journal of Agriculture education, 58(3), 19-36. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2017.03019
Vagias, W. M. (2006). Likert-type scale response anchors. Clemson International Institute for
Tourism & Research Development, Department of Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management. Clemson University.
Wang, H., Bhattacharyab, D., & Nelsona, B. J. (2019). Secondary agriculture teachers’ knowledge, beliefs and, teaching practices of climate change. The Journal of Agriculture Education and Extension, 26(1), 5-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/1389224X.2019.1699126
Wardlow, G. W., & Johnson, D. M. (1999). Level of teaching skills and interest in teaching improvement as perceived by faculty in a land-grant of agriculture. Journal of Agriculture Education, 40(4), 47-56. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.1999.04047
Wenglinsky, H., & Silverstein, S. (2006). The science training. Educational Leadership, 64(4), 24-29. https://doi.org/10.7748/ns.19.21.31.s44
Yopp, M. A., Edgar, D., & Croom, D. B. (2020). Technical in-service needs of agriculture teachers in Georgia by career pathway. Journal of Agricultural Education, 61(2), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.5032/jae.2020.02001
Zarmpou, T., Saprikis, V., Markos, A., & Valachopoulou, M. (2012). Modeling users’ acceptance of mobile services. Electronic Commerce Research, 12(2), 225-248. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-012-9092-x